VAIOWEB » Contents » Domain Names Glossary

Domain

A Domain is a name that identifies a computer or computers on the internet. These names appear as a component of a Web site’s URL, e.g. vaioweb.com or vaioweb.eu . This type of domain name is also called a hostname. Today many or thousand of Domains can be hosted on only one computer.

Denic

DENIC is the central registry for all domains under the Top Level Domain .de. Their functions and tasks are multifaceted: For instance, they provide an automatic electronic registration system for administering .de-Domains, operate a network of name servers distributed all over the world and provide a range of further services for the German Internet Community. In administering the Top Level Domain .de, DENIC performs a technically demanding task, and along with its members, it shoulders responsibility for an important segment of the Internet. German domains are restricted, for example 2 name servers from different Class-C net´s are required and at least the administrative contact needs to be located in germany.

.de is a very successful ccTLD (Country Code Top Level Domain). Denic was the first country code registry which crossed the magical mark of 10 Million Domain Registrations

APNic

APNIC is addressing the challenge of responsible Internet resource distribution in the Asia Pacific region.
APNIC is one of five Regional Internet Registries currently operating in the world. It provides allocation and registration services which support the operation of the Internet globally. It is a not-for-profit, membership-based organisation whose members include Internet Service Providers, National Internet Registries, and similar organisations. APNIC represents the Asia Pacific region, comprising 56 economies.

BIND

The BIND (synonym for Berkeley Internet Name Domain) DNS is used on the vast majority of name serving machines on the Internet, providing a robust and stable architecture on top of which an organization’s naming architecture can be built. The resolver library included in the BIND distribution provides the standard APIs for translation between domain names and Internet addresses and is intended to be linked with applications requiring name service.

Cybersquatter

Is an individual who use the intellectual property of another individual by registering Typos (mistyped domains) and/or trademarks.

EPP

Acronym: Extensible Provisioning Protocol
A Registry Provisioning Protocol, the Extensible Provisioning Protocol is the work product of the IETF Provisioning/Registration (provreg) Working Group. EPP is a text/XML protocol that permits multiple service providers to perform object provisioning operations using a shared central object repository. Specific implementations of EPP may have slight variances from one another due to the use of the EPP extension mechanisms that allow for implementation specific features and other object management capabilities. EPP is in production use by most gTLD Registry Operators with the exception of VeriSign. VeriSign has made a contractual commitment to migrate the .com and .net registry system to whichever protocol is adopted as a standard by the IETF community.

EurID

EURid is a not-for-profit organisation, established in Belgium, and has been selected by the European Commission to operate the .eu top level domain. EURid was established in a partnership between DNS BE, IIT CNR and NIC SE, operators of the country-code top level domain registries for Belgium (.be), Italy (.it) and Sweden (.se). Later the registry for .si (Slovenia) and .cz (Czech Republic) have joined as members.

FTP

Acronym: File Transfer Protocol
FTP is the protocol over which files are generally transferred over the internet. Although HTTP can handle many of the same transfers, it is designed for the transfer of multiple small files (like images on a web page), rather than larger single files. Designed to handle the transfer of these larger files, FTP supports pausing, scheduling, and restarting of file downloads.

GAC

Acronym: Governmental Advisory Committee The GAC plays a key role within the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), particularly with regard to public policy issues, as the Internet continues to expand and command greater influence within all our societies.
The GAC has grown and evolved considerably since its inception in 1999 and its relationship with ICANN and the wider Internet community reflects both the principles and the international multi-stakeholder model successfully applied also during the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).

gTLD

Acronym for generic top level domain TLDs with three or more characters are referred to as “Generic” Top Level Domain or gTLDs. Generally speaking, an unsponsored gTLD Registry operates under policies established by the global Internet community directly through the ICANN process. .biz, .com, .info, .name, .net, .org, and .pro are unsponsored TLDs.

List of all gTLDs:

The .aero domain is reserved for members of the air-transport industry and is sponsored by Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques (SITA).
The .asia domain is restricted to the Pan-Asia and Asia Pacific community and is operated by DotAsia Organisation.
The .biz domain is restricted to businesses and is operated by NeuLevel, Inc.
The .cat domain is reserved for the Catalan linguistic and cultural community and is sponsored by Fundació puntCat
The .com domain is operated by VeriSign Global Registry Services.
The .coop domain is reserved for cooperative associations and is sponsored by Dot Cooperation LLC.
.info domain is operated by Afilias Limited.
.jobs domain is reserved for human resource managers and is sponsored by Employ Media LLC.
.mobi domain is reserved for consumers and providers of mobile products and services and is sponsored by mTLD Top Level Domain, Ltd.
.museum domain is reserved for museums and is sponsored by the Museum Domain Management Association.
.name domain is reserved for individuals and is operated by Global Name Registry.
.net domain is operated by VeriSign Global Registry Services.
.org domain is operated by Public Interest Registry. It is intended to serve the noncommercial community, but all are eligible to register within .org.
.pro domain is restricted to credentialed professionals and related entities and is operated by RegistryPro.
.tel domain is reserved for businesses and individuals to publish their contact data and is sponsored by Telnic Ltd.
.travel domain is reserved for entities whose primary area of activity is in the travel industry and is sponsored by Tralliance Corporation.

These gTLDs can only be used by special organisations:

.gov domain is reserved exclusively for the United States Government. It is operated by the US General Services Administration.
.edu domain is reserved for postsecondary institutions accredited by an agency on the U.S. Department of Education’s list of Nationally Recognized Accrediting Agencies and is registered only through Educause.
.mil domain is reserved exclusively for the United States Military. It is operated by the US DoD Network Information Center.
.int domain is used only for registering organizations established by international treaties between governments. It is operated by the IANA .int Domain Registry.

HTTP

Acronym: HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTP is the communications protocol that enables Web browsing. Invented in the early 1990s by Tim Berners-Lee, HTTP is the standard protocol over which much of the internet transfers data. Specifically, requests for web pages are handled largely over HTTP or one of its variants.

ICANN

ICANN is responsible for the global coordination of the Internet’s system of unique identifiers. These include domain names (like .org, .museum and country codes like .UK), as well as the addresses used in a variety of Internet protocols. Computers use these identifiers to reach each other over the Internet. Careful management of these resources is vital to the Internet’s operation, so ICANN’s global stakeholders meet regularly to develop policies that ensure the Internet’s ongoing security and stability.

IDN

The original specifications for the Domain Name System (DNS) limited the characters that were allowed in domain names to the set of alphanumeric characters in ASCII, plus the hyphen (-) and the period (.). As the Internet spread out across the world, away from its North American origins, demand for a new system that supported the many different languages and scripts across the world grew. The term “Internationalized Domain Names” (or IDN) refers to a domain name that uses recently adopted standards that modify the existing DNS protocols and standards to support multiple languages and scripts.

Japan Registry Services

Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.(JPRS) was incorporated on December 26, 2000, to carry out JP domain name registration and management, and to undertake operation of the domain name system. JPRS manages and administers .JP top-level domain in a fair and neutral manner.

Source: .JP Registry

KRNic

The National Internet Development Agency of Korea (NIDA) is a non-profit organization. NIDA/KRNIC was founded in 1999 with the aim of building a stable Internet address management system.
In 2004, NIDA officially became a statutory organization subsidiary to the Ministry of Information and Communication in accordance with the Article 9 of the Act on Internet Address Resources, and it has absorbed the Korea Network Information Center (KRNIC).
NIDA has been in charge of allocating & managing Internet addresses in an efficient manner including R&D activities designed to increase the use of Internet. It has established a stable framework for managing the Internet address resources and promoting international cooperation and comprehensive policies.
As a sub-organization of NIDA, Korea Network Information Center (KRNIC) has endeavored in allocation and assignment of domestic IP addresses and registration of .kr domains. In addition, NIDA has showed continuous support for international cooperation and development in Internet through its outreach programs for developing countries and active participation in various international organizations and conferences.
In this way, NIDA has been playing a key role in Internet development of Korea based on Korea’s world-class high-speed network infrastructure.

Landrush

Landrush is a term used to define the time when registration is opened to public after the Sunrise.
First Come, First Served or other models that favor early adopters lend themselves to aggresive behaviour at the opening of a new extension for folks seeking shorter strings, dictionary terms, and trademark names, then registrations gradually trend towards slower and more steady growth in registration practices.

LACNIC

LACNIC the Internet Address Registry for Latin America and the Caribbean, is the organization responsible for allocating and administrating IP Addresses and other related resources (Autonomous System Numbers and Reverse Resolution) for the region of Latin America and the Caribbean. It is one of the five Regional Internet Registries that exist worldwide.

LAN

Local Area Network

mobi

.mobi is the first – and only – top level domain dedicated to delivering the internet to mobiles phone.
.mobi is sponsored by a consortium of companies which includes the most prominent mobile and Internet players in the world.

Why .mobi?

More than four mobile phones are purchased for every one personal computer purchased. That means there’s a world of people whose main access point to the Internet is a mobile phone.
Previously, checking the Internet on a mobile phone was less than ideal. Your phone slows … you can’t see the full screen or you’re timed out altogether. Navigation is difficult, your keyboard is too small and security schemes are hard to use.
Plus, there’s been no way to know the exact URL for the mobile version of a Web site. For example, Disney’s URL is mobile.disney.go.com while Bravo TV uses wap.bravotv.com and Best Buy uses bestbuy.com/m. Verizon’s is verizonwireless.com/mobile.
With .mobi, users can easily assume “weather.mobi” or “zagat.mobi” and know that their phone will give them an experience designed for mobile phones without long, expensive downloads.
dotMobi has established best practices, style sheets, standards and tools to make sure the experience of using .mobi is consistent and easy to use, for both consumers and site designers.